Akohia te whakahoutanga o te paerewa UL 1449 Ngā Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru (SPD), me te tāpiri i ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau mō ngā hua i roto i ngā taiao makuku, mā te whakamahi i ngā whakamātautau pāmahana me te makuku pumau. Akohia he aha te parenga ngaru, me te aha hoki te taiao makuku.
Ko ngā parenga ngaru (Ngā Pūrere Tiaki Ngaru, SPD) kua roa nei e kiia ana ko te parenga tino nui mō ngā taputapu hiko. Ka taea e rātou te ārai i te hiko kua kohia me ngā piki me ngā heke o te hiko, kia kore ai e pakaru ngā taputapu kua tiakina e ngā ru hiko ohorere. Ka taea e te parenga ngaru te hanga i tētahi taputapu katoa kua hoahoatia motuhake, ka taea rānei te hoahoa hei wāhanga kotahi, ka tāuta ki roto i ngā taputapu hiko o te pūnaha hiko.
E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, he rerekē te whakamahinga o ngā parenga ngaru hiko, engari he mea tino nui tonu ina tae mai ki ngā mahi haumaru. Ko te paerewa UL 1449 he whakaritenga paerewa e mōhiotia ana e ngā kaimahi o ēnei rā ina tono ana mō te urunga ki te mākete.
I te mea kua piki haere te uaua o ngā taputapu hiko me tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā ahumahi maha, pērā i ngā rama tiriti LED, ngā rēriwe, te 5G, ngā photovoltaics me ngā hikohiko motuka, kei te tere haere te whakamahinga me te whanaketanga o ngā parenga ngaru, ā, me mau tonu ngā paerewa ahumahi ki te tere o te wā me te whakahou tonu.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Taiao Makuku
Ahakoa ko te NFPA 70 o te National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ko te National Electrical Code® rānei (NEC), kua mārama te tautuhi i te "wāhi haukū" penei:
Ngā wāhi e tiakina ana mai i te huarere, kāore hoki e mākū i te wai, i ētahi atu wai rānei, engari me noho makuku noa iho.
Ina koa, ko ngā tēneti, ko ngā whakamahau tuwhera, me ngā rūma raro whenua, ngā whare putunga pouaka whakamātao rānei, me ētahi atu, he wāhi e "pāngia ana e te makuku ngawari" e ai ki te ture.
Ina tāutahia he parenga ngaru (pēnei i te varistor) ki roto i tētahi hua whakamutunga, ko te mea pea nā te mea kua tāutahia, kua whakamahia rānei te hua whakamutunga ki tētahi taiao he rerekē te haumākū, ā, me whakaaro mēnā ka taea e te parenga ngaru te tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru o te taiao whānui i roto i tētahi taiao haumākū pēnei.
Ngā Whakaritenga Aromatawai Mahi Hua i roto i ngā Taiao Makuku
He maha ngā paerewa e kī ana me whakaoti ngā hua i tētahi raupapa whakamātautau pono hei manatoko i te mahi i roto i te huringa ora o te hua, pērā i te pāmahana teitei me te haumākū teitei, te ru wera, te wiri me ngā tūemi whakamātautau maturuturu. Mō ngā whakamātautau e pā ana ki ngā taiao haumākū whakaata, ka whakamahia ngā whakamātautau pāmahana me te haumākū pumau hei aromatawai matua, inā koa te pāmahana 85°C/85% haumākū (e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te "whakamātautau takirua 85") me te pāmahana 40°C/93% haumākū Ko te huinga o ēnei huinga tawhā e rua.
Ko te whāinga o te whakamātautau pāmahana me te haumākū pumau he whakatere i te roa o te ora o te hua mā roto i ngā tikanga whakamātautau. Ka taea e ia te aromatawai pai i te kaha ārai-pakeke o te hua, tae atu ki te whakaaro mēnā he roa te ora o te hua, he iti hoki te ngaronga i roto i tētahi taiao motuhake.
Kua whakahaerehia e mātou he rangahau pātai mō te umanga, ā, e whakaatu ana ngā hua he maha ngā kaihanga hua pito e whakatakoto ana i ngā whakaritenga mō te aromatawai pāmahana me te haumākū o ngā parenga ngaru me ngā wāhanga e whakamahia ana i roto, engari kāore i te paerewa UL 1449 i taua wā he paerewa e rite ana. Nō reira, me whakahaere e te kaihanga ētahi atu whakamātautau i muri i te whiwhinga i te tiwhikete UL 1449; ā, ki te hiahiatia he pūrongo tiwhikete tuatoru, ka whakaitihia te whaihua o te tukanga whakahaere kua whakahuatia ake nei. Heoi anō, ina tono te hua pito mō te tiwhikete UL, ka tūtaki anō hoki ki te āhuatanga kāore te pūrongo tiwhikete o ngā wāhanga tairongo-pēhanga e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakamātautau tono taiao mākū e whakaurua, ā, me whai aromatawai tāpiri.
E mārama ana mātou ki ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki, ā, e whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakaoti i ngā raruraru e pā ana ki a rātou i roto i ngā mahi tūturu. I whakarewahia e UL te mahere whakahou paerewa 1449.
Ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau e pā ana kua tāpirihia ki te paerewa
Kua tāpirihia e te paerewa UL 1449 ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau mō ngā hua i ngā wāhi haukū. Ka taea e ngā kaihanga te tāpiri i tēnei whakamātautau hou ki te kēhi whakamātautau i a rātou e tono ana mō te tiwhikete UL.
E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, ko te whakamātautau mō te taiao mākū e whakamahi ana i te whakamātautau pāmahana me te haumākū pumau. Kei raro nei ngā tikanga whakamātautau hei manatoko i te pai o te Varistor (MOV)/Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) mō ngā mahi taiao mākū:
Ka whakamātauhia ngā tauira whakamātautau ki te pakeketanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana teitei me te haumākū teitei mō ngā hāora 1000, kātahi ka whakatauritea te ngaohiko varistor o te varistor, te ngaohiko pakaru rānei o te ngongo tuku hau hei whakaū mēnā ka roa te mau o ngā wāhanga tiaki ngaru i roto i te taiao haumākū, ā, ka mau tonu tana mahi tiaki taketake.
Wā tuku: Mei-09-2023